Shift clutch



June 1, 1954 M. P. MATTHEW 2,679,916

SHIFT CLUTCH Filed Sept. 1, 1950 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 DIV.

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Moarou R MRTTHEW June 1, 1954 MATTHEW 2,679,916

SHIFT CLUTCH Filed Sept. 1 1950 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

MORTON E MATTHEW BY June 1, 1954 M. P. MATTHEW SHIFT CLUTCH 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Sept. 1 1950 E a I 1| 7 5 %F 6 a a a a m 3 m m m w w B 3 3 m w 2 3 0 w INVENTOR. MORTON P. Mmnew BIZ FIE-.7

Patented June 1, 1954 UNITED STATES f OFFICE SHIFT CLUTCH Morton P. Matthew, Berkeley, Calif., assignor to Friden Calculating Machine 00., Inc., a corporation of California 4 Claims. 1

This invention relates to clutch mechanisms particularly adapted for use with business machines such as automatic calculators having a carriage which is laterally shiftable in either direction, and relates more particularly to an improved clutch arrangement therefor which is smooth in operation and also permits wide flex ibility and latitude in the operation of the associated clutch control mechanism.

In the construction and operation of calculating machines and other types of automatic machines having a carriage which must be laterally shifted selectively in either direction at rapid rates of speed, it has been a practice heretofore to drive the associated reversible carriage drive assembly by means of one or more shift clutches of the dog type or other known design, the operation of which is often irregular and frequently imposes critical timing and other functional limitations on the shift clutch control mechanism and the related automatic and semiautomatic controls of the machine.

It is an important object of the present invention, therefore, to provide an improved shift clutch mechanism for smoothly shifting the car riage of an automatic business machine selectively in either direction while preserving a high degree of flexibility and latitude in the operation of the associated clutch control mechanism.

It is also an object of the invention to provide an improved mechanism for operating the carriage shift mechanism of an automatic business machine in such a manner as to facilitate high flexibility and wide latitude in the operation of the associated shift control mechanism.

It is another object of th invention to produce a carriage shift clutch for an automatic business machine which not only provides flexibility and wide latitude in the operation of the associated shift control mechanism, but also minimizes wear on the clutch engaging surfaces and other clutch components.

It is another object of the invention to produce an improved shift clutch for the shiftable car riage of a business machine, or the like, which clutch may be smoothly and easily engaged and disengaged by power obtained from the main drive shaft, in response to the position of a previously adjusted and conditioned control member, without subjecting the associated clutch control mechanism to loads tending to prevent functional control of the clutch by relatively light key touch action.

It is a further object of the invention to provide an improved shift clutch for controlling the shift- 2 ing of a business machine carriage laterally in a predetermined direction, which clutch may be smoothly and easily engaged or disengaged substantially under no load conditions during a predetermined control phase of the shift-operating cycle.

It is still another object of the invention to provide an improved shift clutch for the shift able carriage of an automatic calculating machine, which clutch is adapted to be smoothly engaged or disengaged during a relatively short predetermined clutch control phase which precedes the relatively long operatin phase of the machine cycle, with the result that the associated clutch control mechanism may be readily conditioned for either clutching or declutching engagement without critical timing and with relatively wide latitude.

It is also an object of the invention to produce an improved carriage shift clutch for an automatic calculating machine, which when previously engaged can be effectively conditioned at any time substantially up to the end of any desired shift cycle for positive disengagement at the beginning of the following machine cycle, but without causing an extra ordinal movement of the shiftable carriage beyond its selected ordinal position.

Further objects are to provide a construction of maximum simplicity, economy, and ease of assembly and disassembly, also such further objects, advantages, and capabilities as will fully appear and as are inherently possessed by the device and the invention described herein.

The invention further resides in th combination, construction, and arrangement of parts illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and while there is shown therein a preferred embodiment thereof, it is to be understood that the same is illustrative of the invention, and that the invention is capable of modification and change and comprehends other details or construction without departing from the spirit thereof or the scope of the appended claims.

Referring to the drawings:

Fig. 1 is, a plan view or" a standard Friden calculating machine showing the keyboard and control panel arrangement thereof.

Fig. 2 is a cross sectional plan view of the machine of Fig. 1 with certain parts removed to more clearly show the construction and arrangement Of the carriage shift control mechanism.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged rear View of the shift clutch mechanism and the shift interlock device associated therewith.

Fig. i is a side elevational view showing the shift clutch mechanism in its normally disengaged position, the view being taken along the lines i-- l in Fig. 2 and looking in the direction of the arrows.

Fig. 5 is similar to Fig. 4, but shows the shift controller moved rearwardly so as to position the clutch driver in its clutch-engaging position.

Fig. 6 is similar to Fig. 5, the elevational view being taken from the opposit side of the shift clutch mechanism.

Fig. 7 is a plan View of the mechanism of Fig. 3, with the interlock device removed to more clearly show details of the shift clutch and the associated shift control mechanism.

General arrangement The calculating machine selected for illustration in conjunction with the instant invention is of the general type shown and described. in Patent No. 2,229,889, issued to Carl M. F. Friden on January 28, 1941, as modified by Friden Patent No. 2,315,780, dated April 6, 1943. Although a machine of this type utilizes a pair of unidirectional and cyclically driven clutches and a single reversible drive gear assembly to shift the carriage selectively in either direction by engaging one shift clutch while disengaging the other, it will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that a single clutch mechanism of the type described herein may be used with other known types of reversing mechanisms having a pair of oppositely rotated output shafts which are adapted to accomplish the desired result of ordinally shifting the carriage selectively in either direction. It will become evident from a study of the present disclosure, therefore, that the invention is not limited to use with inventions of the type disclosed in Patents No. 2,229,889 and No. 2,315,780, supra, but may also be applied to other types of computing and business machines with equally desirable results.

The general arrangement and operation of such a standard Friden calculating machine is well known, and includes a main body portion at (Fig. l) in which the actuating, selecting, and control mechanisms are mounted, and a shiftable register carriage 22 mounted for endwise shifting movement transversely of the body portion, which carriage 22 carries numeral wheels 3! and M counter, respectively. The carriage 22 may be shifted in either direction by power derived from the electric driving motor of the machine by suitable control means, such as manipulating the carriage shift keys Hi and H2.

Amounts to be entered into the accumulator wheels 3! may be set up on the amount keys 5i, after which the amount may be entered positively or negatively into the accumulator wheels 38 by manipulation of the plus key 3M! or the minus key 3M (Fig. 1). In case an erroneous setting is made on the amount keys 5i, the incorrectly depressed key in any one of the individual key banks may be released by depression of the ordinal clear key 32 relating to that particular bank. If it is desired to simultaneously release all of the depressed keys on the keyboard, this may be accomplished by depression of the keyboard clear key 33 (Fig. 1). Since it is ordinarily desirable in adding and subtracting operations to cause all depressed amount keys to be released at the end of each machine cycle, an add key 34 is provided which may be depressed and latched down in order to cause the automatic release of all amount keys at the conclusion of of the accumulator and revolutions each machine cycle. A keyboard lock lever 35 is also provided for locking all of the amount keys ill in either their normal or depressed positions so as to preserve the value set therein for succeeding calculations to be performed on the machine.

Dividing operations are performed on this machine by entering the dividend on the accumulator wheels 3!, setting the divisor into the amount keys El, and then pulling forward and releasing the division lever 3?. This will cause an automatic division operation to take place in which the divisor is repeatedly subtracted from the dividend until an overdraft occurs in the accumulator wheels 35, after which the divisor is added back into the accumulator so as to eliminate the overdraft and the carriage shifted one order to the left. The divisor is again repeatedly subtracted from the dividend in this order until an overdraft occurs, whereupon the divisor is added back into the accumulator wheels, the carriage shifted, and so on, from order to order until the quotient containing the desired num ber of decimal places is obtained in the revolutions counter wheels ii. For a complete disclosure of the automatic division mechanism, see Patent No. 2,327,981, issued August 31, 1943, to Carl M. F. Friden.

To the left of the amount keyboard is provided a group of ten multiplier keys 38 (Fig. 1) by means of which the multiplier of any desired value may be set into the machine. As each such key 38 is depressed, a number corresponding to the value of the key depressed is indicated on the multiplier indicator dials 39 which are visible through a Window 46 (Fig. 1) provided in the casing of the machine. After a desired multiplier value has been set into the machine by means of the keys 33 and a multiplicand has been set up on the amount keyboard, an automatic multiplication operation may be initiated by depressing one of the multiplier control keys 43, '52. The key at will cause an automatic multiplication operation to take place in which the multiplicand will be successively multiplied by each digit of the multiplier. However, prior to the initiation of the multiplication operation, the carriage will be automatically shifted to its e2:- treme lefthand position after which the multiplication of the multiplicand by each digit of the multiplier will take place, the carriage 22 being shifted one space to the right after each multiplication of .the multiplicand by a multiplier digit. This operation will continue automatically until the multiplicand has been succes sively multiplied by each digit of the multiplier, after which the product will appear in the accumulator wheels 3i and the multiplier will now be indicated on the revolutions counter wheels i I. When the multiplication key 5?. is depressed, a similar type of operation will take place except that now the product will be registered negatively in the accumulator wheels 3i instead of positively as was the case when the multiplication operation was initiated by the key it. Reference may be had to Patent No. 2,371,752, issued to Carl M. F. Friden on March 20, 1945, and Patent No. 2,399,917, issued to Carl M. F. Friden and Anthony B. Machado on May 7, 1946, for a complete disclosure of the automatic multiplication mechanism of the machine.

Carriage shifting mechanism Means are provided for shifting the carriage in either direction from one ordinal position to another by power-driven means controlled by acvaerc.

manually operable keys For; this purpose: care riage 22 is provided: with a. longitudinally disposed: and ordinarily slotted shift" ra'ck; not shown, which is. adapted to: formi a. rack and pinion. engagement with. the enacting pins 86 on a pin wheel shift drive disk: 383 adapted to be drivenv by the shift drive. gear 86 (Fig. 2). In order to rotate. the carriage shift disl: 393' in either. direction by'selectively operabledrive connections from: the actuating means of' the machine, the lowest. order actuating shafts" 5? (Fig. 2) are extended rearwardly and have-respective clutch driving pawls 324 thereon. which pawls are pivotally connected. by the pins 35% to the ends of the adjacent. shafts ET in such a manner as to form a readily controllable clutching and declutching engagement with the associated.

clutch following or. driven arms 3635 on the respective gear sleeves llll, I62, as will be hereinafter more fully described. Gear sleeve ml, which is suitably journalled in" the rear bearing plate see of themachine, isprovided with a gear Hi3- which is operable'to drive the gear 86 in one direction, whereas the gear liiton gear sleeve i532; also journalled in plate, 395, acts through a suitable reverse gear in theassociated reversible carriage drive mechanism so as to drive gear 855 in the opposite direction, as is fully shown and described in Friden Patent No. 2,315,780, supra. Thus, rotationv of the gear sleeves Hit and IE2 in a clockwise direction causes shifting of the carriage 2-2 to the left and to the right, respectively, as viewed from the'rear of the calculating machine.

Manually operable control. means are provided to enable shifting the carriage 22 in either direction through one or more ordinal spaces, and for this purpose the shift keys ill, H2 (Fig. l) are depressible'to initiate shifting of the carriage to the right and left, respectively; Depression of either of the shift keys. 1! I I, l 12 serves'to'ena-ble the associated drive connection in the manner to be hereinafter described, as well as to engage the main clutch El (Fig; 2) and to energize the driving motor of the machine, as is-fully shown and described in the above-mentioned Friden Patent No. 2,315,780.

To enable the respective drive connections f om the actuating shafts 5'1 to the carriage shifting mechanism upon depression of the shift keys l l l, i l2, pins thereon overlie levers I21 and 522 (Fig. 2) secured ona sleeve, 22:! and a shaft l23 respectively. The manner in whichv this sleeve 52d and shaft l'23 are rocked upon ole-- pression of the shift keys H l, H2 is fully shown and described in the above-mentioned Patent No. 2,315,780 and reference is made to this patent for a full disclosure of this part of the machine. As shown in Fig. 2, shaft E23 and sleeve 22:3 carry similar depending arms 25 Hi, respectively, having their lower ends disposed in front of the respective shift control rods ['28, I29 which have return springs lili associated therewith to maintain the rods normally in an inactive position. At their rearward ends, each of the control rods !23, lZS-carries a controller 3i i adapted to coact with the associated clutch driv-- ing pawl 3% so that upon depression of either shift key ill, H2 the corresponding torque transmitting drive connection is established to the'respective gear sleeves m2, ill! at the same time that the main clutch $5- is engaged and the motor is energized. Thus, by the selective de-- pression of the shift keys Hi, M2- the carriage shift drive disk 383 (Fig. 2) can. be rotated in either direction. to effect. an ordinal shifting movementof the carriage.

Shift clutch mechanism Means are provided for selectively connecting the respective gear sleeves It], It! (Fig, 2') with the driving motor of the. machine through the main clutch 6i and the corresponding shift clutch driving pawl 3M and follower arm 3535. The engagement and disengagement of the driving pawl 384 with its associated follower arm 3% is controlled by therespective control rodsv i535, E22 (Fig. 2), which. may be manipulated in any desired manner, as by depressing the shift control keys M2,. ill. The main: drive shaft 52" of the machine isv adapted to be unidirectionally driven. by a suitable electric: motor whenever the main clutch 5| is closed, which transverse shaft 58' imparts. a corresponding: unidirectional rotational movement through the right angle bevel gear drive 328' (Fig. 2) tothe longitudinally disposed actuator shafts 511 which carry the stepped gear actuator drums 5d, the construction and operationor which is fully described in the abovementioned Friden Patent No; 2,229,889. In order to control; the lateral shifting of the carriage in either direction, there provided at the rearward end of each of the two lowest order actrv ating, shafts 51 a: shift clutch pawl or driving member 384. which is-pivotally connected to its associated shaft 57 by the pin ass. Each such driving: pawl 30- is adapted. to be moved by its associated controller 3H (Figs. 2, 3, and '7') into engaging or disengaging position with relation to the associated shift clutch follower arm or drivenmember 395 in the manner now to be described.

The shift clutch and associated: reversible shift drive assembly are so-constructed and arranged that 360 rotation ofthe actuator shafts d termines one ordinal shifting movement of the carriage 221. Each clutch driving pawl tile is substantially U-shaped, is pivotally connected to its supporting shaft 5.? by the pin 355i, and is provided with a clutch-engaging arm or coupler 3% having an engaging surface 3H3- shaped substantially as-show-n inFig; 3. The arm 3% preferably willbe angularlydisplaced away. from the coacting clutch engaging surface 35?- on the associated clutch driven arm 3% by thelead angle it whenever the machine is in its normal fnll cycle positionshow-n in Fig; 3. Thislead angle a (Fig. 3), which. also corresponds in. magnitude to the angle by: which the arm 3th: isoverthrown by the carriage momentum at theend 0:? a shift cycle, has-asrnall magnitude such as 15 (Fig. 3). This angle a representsths predetermined control phase of the. machine.operatic cycle which all clutch engaging or. disengaging movemen talees place. Inv addition to efiecting all engagement: or disengagement off the clutch during the-predetermined control phase of the machine cycle represented by. thev angle a, the relatively short. time interval represented thereby may also be utilized. for releasing a positive carriage shiftstopping. and locking mechanism of the type. shown and described in my appending application. S. 180,584, filed August 21-,

After the clutch-engaging arm 363 and the serface Elli thereon rotate through the angle a, and

angle 360 a)... At the. end. of the cycle the driving or coupling arm 3&8 remains within the plane of the driven arm 3G5 and is in position for continued engagement or re-engagement therewith at the termination of a carriage shifting operation, however, carriage momentum causes the driven arm 3815 to be overthrown so that surface 3!! on arm 3G5 again becomes separated from the coacting surface are on arm by the angle a as the clutch components come to rest in the full-cycle position illustrated in Fig. 3.

Depending upon the positioning of the associated controller 3H during the operating phase of the machine cycle represented by the angle (360-a), the thus closed and previously engaged shift clutch may be selectively conditioned for continued engagement or disengagement during the time interval represented by the angle a which corresponds with the predetermined control phase of the next machine cycle to follow. Hence, if the selected control phase angle a is approximately 15, the operating phase angle is approximately 36015, or 345. During a substantial portion of this 345 angular displacement of the actuator shafts 51, the associated controller 3H can be effectively positioned to control operation of the clutch at the beginning of the next shift cycle, and a relatively long time interval is thereby provided for control purposes. Such a relatively long time interval eliminates critical timing and assures wide latitude and flexibility in the operation of the associated clutch control mechanism.

Assuming now that the clutch control rods H28, I29 are initially positioned forwardly and that the respective shift clutches are disengaged (as shown in Fig. 2), either control rod M8, 529 may be moved rearwardly by the automatic multiplication or division mechanism of the machine, or by depressing the corresponding shift key H2, iii, so as to move the associated shift controller 555i from the normally inactive clutch disengaging position shown in Fig. 4 to the active clutch cngaging position shown in Fig. 5. As each such controller SI 1 is moved rearwardly, a downwardly depending shove dog 3M thereon rocks an interlock arm 322 (Fig. 3) which is pivoted at 325 so as to move the other shift controller 3H to its inactive position, thereby enabling only one carriage shift clutch to be engaged at the same time. This movement of the controller 3H to its active position may, if desired, operate the pins 323 (Fig. 3) which are spring-urged against the coacting controller shove dogs 3 I 4 for controlling the associated carriage shift locking and stopping mechanism in the manner shown and described in my copending application S. N. 180,584, filed August 21, 1950. As the selected shift controller SM is moved rearwardly from its normally inactive positicn to the active position shown in Fig. 5, it brings the angularly rearwardly extending clutchengaging ear 3l3 thereon into operative position so as to impart a counter-clockwise rocking movement (Figs. 4 and 5) to the driving pawl 36 during the control phase angle a at the begin-- ning of the next machine cycle to follow. Preferably, though not necessarily, this rearward movement of the associated controller 3H causes the rearward face thereof to contact the pivotally supported pawl 394 in such a manner as to impart a slight counter-clockwise tilting rocking movement thereto before the shift cycle actually starts, whereas the camming action of the car 353 during the control phase angle a actually completes the movement of the clutch-engaging arm 368 into the plane of the clutch follower or driven arm 3% so as to thereafter establish a clutching engagement therewith. A friction washer 325 (Figs. i and 5), or other suitable detent device interposed between the pivoted clutch driver 3% and its supporting shaft 51, is adapted to retain and hold the clutch pawl 304 either in the inactive disengaged position shown in Fig. 4, or in the active and enabled position shown in Fig.

It is a characteristic of the mechanism of the instant invention that the clutch driving arm etc on pawl 304 remains in its active position within the general plane of the driven or follower arm 355 at the end of the machine cycle during which the clutch was engaged by its associated controller 3| I. In a continuous, or multiple order, shifting in the same lateral direction, the driving surface 316 on arm 308 remains in active clutching engagement with the coacting surface 311 on the associated clutch driven or follower arm 3 35, with the result that the lead angle ct is decreased to zero as long as the ordinal shifting of the carriage in the selected lateral direction continues. During such continuous ordinal shifting of the shiftable carriage 22, the forwardly extending clutch disengaging dog M2 on the asso ciated controller 3 is positioned out of operative engagement with the hook-shaped clutch disengaging ear 328 on the clutch driver 3%, as shown to the right in Fig. 7.

At the end of the desired ordinal shifting movement, however, the release of the control rod I23 or IZQ, and its consequent forward movement positions the disengaging dog 3H2 on the controller within the operative range of the disengaging ear 325 on the associated clutch driver so as to condition the previously engaged clutch for disengagement in the manner now to be described. During any time within the relatively long operating phase of the last shift cycle, corresponding approximately to a 345 angular displacement of the actuator shafts 51, the active shift controller 3 may be moved forwardly to its normally inactive position (shown in Figs. 4 and '1). When the controller 3| l lies in its forward posi tion it is obvious that the camming arm 3l3 thereon will be in its ineffective position. Also, the clutch disengaging arm 312 is positioned to engage the coacting car 326 on the clutch pawl 3M to rock the clutch driver pawl 384i clockwise to disengage the clutch.

At the end of the last shift cycle in a carriage shifting movement, the clutch engaging and driving arm 358 remains within the plane of the clutch follower or driven arm 355, and the actuating shaft 57 comes to rest with the arm 358 in the full-cycle position shown in Fig. 3. In this manner the lug 352 and ear 326 are conditioned for engagement (as shown in Fig. 6), but lug M2 and ear 326 do not quite contact each other in the full-cycle position of the actuator shaft 5?. After the clutch-engaging arm 358 has been stopped in the full-cycle position shown in Fig. 3, however, the momentum of the carriage 22 causes the latter to overtravel through the angle a and be carried over into its home or full-cycle position determined by the associated carriage centralizing or stopping mechanism. As the shifting movement of the carriage is thus arrested and terminated, the surface 3 ii on follower arm 355 moves away from and angularly ahead of the coacting driving surface 316 on the clutch engaging and driving arm 308 by the predetermined initial phase control or lead angle a, so that the clutch components come to rest in the full-cycle 9 position shown in Figs. 3 and 6. Hence, the associated shift controller 3| I may again be positioned rearwardly so as to initiate a carriage shift in the same lateral direction during the next cycle, or the other shift clutch may be positioned to cause a shift in the opposite direction, or a digitation cycle (such as addition or subtraction) may be started, which restores both shift clutches to the disengaged position shown in Fig. 2. If the direction of carriage shift is reversed by the selective depression of the shift keys Ill, H2, the previously disengaged shift clutch is engaged during the phase angle a at the beginning of the next cycle in the manner previously described and substantially at the same time as the previously engaged clutch is disengaged by coaction between the ear 326 on the clutch driving pawl 304 and the disengaging lug M2 on the associated controller 3. Hence, the interlock lever 322 (Fig. 3) functions in the manner previously described during reversal of the carriage shifting movement to effectively prevent more than one shift clutch from being engaged at the same time.

It will thus be seen that all engaging and disengaging movements of the shift clutches occurs during the relatively short time interval indicated by the lead or carriage overthrow angle a (Fig. 3) wherein the clutch is operating substantially at no load, thereby enabling the shift rods H8, I29 (Fig. 2) to be operated by light control key pressures. Moreover, a relatively long period of time is provided for transmitting torque and conditioning the clutch mechanism for engagement or disengagement in the next machine cycle to follow, thereby providing smooth clutch operation, minimum wear on the clutch components, and Wide latitude and flexibility in the operation of the associated automatic and semiautomatic clutch control mechanisms.

I claim:

1. A unidirectional cyclic clutch comprisin a driving shaft, a driven shaft adjacent to and coaxially aligned with said driving shaft, a radially extending driven arm mounted on the adjacent end of said driven shaft, a pivotally disengaging ear on said driving arm lying in a plane substantially perpendicular to said driving arm, a control member, a cam on said control member operative in one position of the control member to rock the driving arm into engagement with the driven arm, a disengaging ear on said control member operative when said control member is in its other position to rock said driving arm to disengage the same from said driven arm.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 comprising also a retaining means operable to hold the driving arm in. eitl r adjusted position.

3. The of claim 1 wher in the driven arm, in its iull cycie position, leads the driving arm, when is at rest, by an angle of the order of about 15.

l. A normally open unidirectional clutch comprising a driving shaft, a driven shaft coaxially aligned with said driving shaft, an arm mounted on the end of said driven shaft in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of said shaft, a driving pawl pivotally mounted on the end of said driving shaft, and having its axis of rotation substantially perpendicular to the axis of said driving shaft, a driver arm on said pawl lying diametrically across the end of the driving shaft, a disengaging ear on said pawl lying in a plane substantially perpendicular to said driver arm, a control member movable in a plane parallel to the axis of rotation of said shafts, a cam on said control member operative in one position of the control member to rock the pawl to cause the driver arm to engage the arm on the driven shaft, a disengaging car on said control member operative when said control member is in its other position to rock said pawl to disengage said driver arm from said driven arm.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 912,087 Dempsey Feb. 9, 1909 1,340,333 France May 18, 1920 1,771,454; Ward July 29, 1930 2,363,737 Machado Nov. 28, 1944 2,488,820 Laube Nov. 22, 1949 2,621,620 Chatfield et al. Dec. 16, 1952 

